Fully reviewed and revised for its second edition, the Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology maintains its position as the must-have guide to all aspects of infectious diseases and microbiology. Reflecting the current approach to joint postgraduate training programmes, the handbook takes an integrated approach to both subjects. It covers the basic principles of bacteriology and virology, along with specific guidance on individual diseases and conditions, all in the accessible Oxford Handbook style.Now including new topics on important subjects such as microbiology specimen collection, commonly used media, molecular diagnostics, and antimicrobials in pregnancy, as well as incorporating new guidelines from WHO, NICE, and BASHH among others, this handbook ensures that the informaiton you need is accessible, clear, and easy-to-understand.Practical and comprehensive, this handbook includes coverage of National Frameworks and current legislation, together with information on topical issues such as bioterrorism and preventative medicine. Fully reviewed by specialist senior readers, and with useful links to up-to-date clinical information and online resources, this is an important addition to the Oxford Handbook Series.
The introduction of vaccination against infectious diseases such as diphtheria (part a), capsular group C meningococcus (part b), polio (part c), Haemophilus influenzae type B (part d), measles (part e) and pertussis (part f) led to a marked decrease in their incidence. Of note, the increase in reports of H. influenzae type B in 2001 led to a catch-up vaccination campaign, after which the incidence reduced. For pertussis, a decline in vaccine coverage led to an increase in cases in the late 1970s and 1980s, but disease incidence reduced again after vaccine coverage increased. Adapted with permission from the Green Book, information for public health professionals on immunisation, Public Health England, contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
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Vaccines exploit the extraordinary ability of the highly evolved human immune system to respond to, and remember, encounters with pathogen antigens. However, for much of history, vaccines have been developed through empirical research without the involvement of immunologists. There is a great need today for improved understanding of the immunological basis for vaccination to develop vaccines for hard-to-target pathogens (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB))3 and antigenically variable pathogens (such as HIV)4, to control outbreaks that threaten global health security (such as COVID-19 or Ebola)5,6 and to work out how to revive immune responses in the ageing immune system7 to protect the growing population of older adults from infectious diseases.
GLASS and WHO Collaborating Centres are working on building national laboratory capacities in countries through a range of activities. Laboratory-based diagnostic tests for AMR usually involve the laboratory identification of the infectious organism, its drug susceptibility, and sometimes serology testing and molecular analyses. Increased laboratory capacity and rapid, accurate diagnostic testing in countries would significantly impact on global AMR surveillance and diagnostic stewardship. Diagnostic stewardship is defined as including the various stages of the diagnostic process in clinical microbiology and laboratory management.
Committee on Infectious Diseases. (2009). Summaries of Infectious Diseases. In L. K. Pickering, C. J. Baker, D. W. Kimberlin & S. S. Long (Eds.), Red Book: 2009 Report of the committee on infectious diseases (28th ed., pp. 203-733). Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
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